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The Cedar Revolution (Arabic: ثورة الأرز - ''thawrat al-arz'') or Independence Intifada〔()〕 (Arabic: انتفاضة الاستقلال- ''intifāḍat al-istiqlāl'') was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) triggered by the assassination of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005. The popular movement was remarkable for its avoidance of violence and its reliance on methods of civil resistance.〔Rudy Jaafar and Maria J. Stephan, "Lebanon's Independence Intifada: How an Unarmed Insurrection Expelled Syrian Forces", in Maria J. Stephan (ed.), ''Civilian Jihad: Nonviolent Struggle, Democratization, and Governance in the Middle East'', Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2009, pp. 169-85.〕 The primary goals of the original activists were the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon and the replacement of a government heavily influenced by Syrian interests with more independent leadership, the establishment of an international commission to investigate the assassination of Prime Minister Hariri, the resignation of security officials to ensure the success of the plan, and the organization of free parliamentary elections. The demonstrators demanded the end of the Syrian influence in Lebanese politics. At the start of the demonstrations, Syria had been maintaining a force of roughly 14,000 soldiers and intelligence agents in Lebanon. Following the demonstrations, the Syrian troops completely withdrew from Lebanon on 27 April 2005. The Pro-Syrian government was also disbanded, accomplishing the main goal of the revolution. (For background information on Syria's involvement in Lebanese politics, see the articles History of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War, and Syrian occupation of Lebanon.) The opposition has taken the white and red scarf, and the pro-Hariri blue ribbon, as its symbol. Popular mottos of the movement were ''Hurriyya, Siyada, Istiqlal'' (Freedom, Sovereignty, Independence), and ''Haqiqa, Hurriyya, Wahda wataniyya'' (Truth, Freedom, National unity). ==Goals== The main goal of the cedar revolution was the ending of the Syrian military occupation of Lebanon which had lasted about 30 years (since 1976). In addition, many Lebanese called for the return of former Prime Minister Michel Aoun, in exile since 1991, and the release of the imprisoned Lebanese Forces leader Samir Geagea as a goal of the revolution. Some goals whose accomplishment is sometimes cited in order for the revolution to end include: *Uniting all Lebanese in their fight for freedom and independence *Ousting Karami's Pro-Syrian government *Firing the six Lebanese commanders of the nation's main security services along with the State Prosecutor *Executing the complete withdrawal of the Syrian troops and their security services from Lebanon *Unmasking the killers of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri *Running free and democratic parliament elections in spring 2005 free from Syrian interference 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cedar Revolution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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